using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

#pragma warning disable CA1040, CA1034
// ReSharper disable once CheckNamespace
namespace NpgsqlTypes;

/// <summary>
/// Represents a PostgreSQL tsvector.
/// </summary>
public sealed class NpgsqlTsVector : IEnumerable<NpgsqlTsVector.Lexeme>, IEquatable<NpgsqlTsVector>
{
    readonly List<Lexeme> _lexemes;

    internal NpgsqlTsVector(List<Lexeme> lexemes, bool noCheck = false)
    {
        if (noCheck)
        {
            _lexemes = lexemes;
            return;
        }

        _lexemes = new List<Lexeme>(lexemes);

        if (_lexemes.Count == 0)
            return;

        // Culture-specific comparisons doesn't really matter for the backend. It's sorting on its own if it detects an unsorted collection.
        // Only when a .NET user wants to print the sort order.
        _lexemes.Sort((a, b) => string.Compare(a.Text, b.Text, StringComparison.CurrentCulture));

        var res = 0;
        var pos = 1;
        while (pos < _lexemes.Count)
        {
            if (_lexemes[pos].Text != _lexemes[res].Text)
            {
                // We're done with this lexeme. First make sure the word pos list is sorted and contains unique elements.
                _lexemes[res] = new Lexeme(_lexemes[res].Text, Lexeme.UniquePos(_lexemes[res].WordEntryPositions), true);
                res++;
                if (res != pos)
                    _lexemes[res] = _lexemes[pos];
            }
            else
            {
                // Just concatenate the word pos lists
                var wordEntryPositions = _lexemes[res].WordEntryPositions;
                if (wordEntryPositions != null)
                {
                    var lexeme = _lexemes[pos];
                    if (lexeme.WordEntryPositions != null)
                        wordEntryPositions.AddRange(lexeme.WordEntryPositions);
                }
                else
                {
                    _lexemes[res] = _lexemes[pos];
                }
            }
            pos++;
        }

        // Last element
        _lexemes[res] = new Lexeme(_lexemes[res].Text, Lexeme.UniquePos(_lexemes[res].WordEntryPositions), true);
        if (res != pos - 1)
        {
            _lexemes.RemoveRange(res, pos - 1 - res);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Parses a tsvector in PostgreSQL's text format.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static NpgsqlTsVector Parse(string value)
    {
        if (value == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));

        var lexemes = new List<Lexeme>();
        var pos = 0;
        var wordPos = 0;
        var sb = new StringBuilder();
        List<Lexeme.WordEntryPos> wordEntryPositions;

        WaitWord:
        if (pos >= value.Length)
            goto Finish;
        if (char.IsWhiteSpace(value[pos]))
        {
            pos++;
            goto WaitWord;
        }
        sb.Clear();
        if (value[pos] == '\'')
        {
            pos++;
            goto WaitEndComplex;
        }
        if (value[pos] == '\\')
        {
            pos++;
            goto WaitNextChar;
        }
        sb.Append(value[pos++]);
        goto WaitEndWord;

        WaitNextChar:
        if (pos >= value.Length)
            throw new FormatException("Missing escaped character after \\ at end of value");
        sb.Append(value[pos++]);

        WaitEndWord:
        if (pos >= value.Length || char.IsWhiteSpace(value[pos]))
        {
            lexemes.Add(new Lexeme(sb.ToString()));
            if (pos >= value.Length)
                goto Finish;
            pos++;
            goto WaitWord;
        }
        if (value[pos] == '\\')
        {
            pos++;
            goto WaitNextChar;
        }
        if (value[pos] == ':')
        {
            pos++;
            goto StartPosInfo;
        }
        sb.Append(value[pos++]);
        goto WaitEndWord;

        WaitEndComplex:
        if (pos >= value.Length)
            throw new FormatException("Unexpected end of value");
        if (value[pos] == '\'')
        {
            pos++;
            goto WaitCharComplex;
        }
        if (value[pos] == '\\')
        {
            pos++;
            if (pos >= value.Length)
                throw new FormatException("Missing escaped character after \\ at end of value");
        }
        sb.Append(value[pos++]);
        goto WaitEndComplex;

        WaitCharComplex:
        if (pos < value.Length && value[pos] == '\'')
        {
            sb.Append('\'');
            pos++;
            goto WaitEndComplex;
        }
        if (pos < value.Length && value[pos] == ':')
        {
            pos++;
            goto StartPosInfo;
        }
        lexemes.Add(new Lexeme(sb.ToString()));
        goto WaitWord;

        StartPosInfo:
        wordEntryPositions = new List<Lexeme.WordEntryPos>();

        InPosInfo:
        var digitPos = pos;
        while (pos < value.Length && value[pos] >= '0' && value[pos] <= '9')
            pos++;
        if (digitPos == pos)
            throw new FormatException("Missing length after :");
        wordPos = int.Parse(value.Substring(digitPos, pos - digitPos));

        // Note: PostgreSQL backend parser matches also for example 1DD2A, which is parsed into 1A, but not 1AA2D ...
        if (pos < value.Length)
        {
            if (value[pos] == 'A' || value[pos] == 'a' || value[pos] == '*') // Why * ?
            {
                wordEntryPositions.Add(new Lexeme.WordEntryPos(wordPos, Lexeme.Weight.A));
                pos++;
                goto WaitPosDelim;
            }
            if (value[pos] >= 'B' && value[pos] <= 'D' || value[pos] >= 'b' && value[pos] <= 'd')
            {
                var weight = value[pos];
                if (weight >= 'b' && weight <= 'd')
                    weight = (char)(weight - ('b' - 'B'));
                wordEntryPositions.Add(new Lexeme.WordEntryPos(wordPos, Lexeme.Weight.D + ('D' - weight)));
                pos++;
                goto WaitPosDelim;
            }
        }
        wordEntryPositions.Add(new Lexeme.WordEntryPos(wordPos));

        WaitPosDelim:
        if (pos >= value.Length || char.IsWhiteSpace(value[pos]))
        {
            if (pos < value.Length)
                pos++;
            lexemes.Add(new Lexeme(sb.ToString(), wordEntryPositions));
            goto WaitWord;
        }
        if (value[pos] == ',')
        {
            pos++;
            goto InPosInfo;
        }
        throw new FormatException("Missing comma, whitespace or end of value after lexeme pos info");

        Finish:
        return new NpgsqlTsVector(lexemes);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the lexeme at a specific index
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public Lexeme this[int index]
    {
        get
        {
            if (index < 0 || index >= _lexemes.Count)
                throw new ArgumentException(nameof(index));

            return _lexemes[index];
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the number of lexemes.
    /// </summary>
    public int Count => _lexemes.Count;

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns an enumerator.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public IEnumerator<Lexeme> GetEnumerator() => _lexemes.GetEnumerator();

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns an enumerator.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => _lexemes.GetEnumerator();

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets a string representation in PostgreSQL's format.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override string ToString() => string.Join(" ", _lexemes);

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public bool Equals(NpgsqlTsVector? other)
    {
        if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
            return true;

        if (other is null || _lexemes.Count != other._lexemes.Count)
            return false;

        for (var i = 0; i < _lexemes.Count; i++)
            if (!_lexemes[i].Equals(other._lexemes[i]))
                return false;

        return true;
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public override bool Equals(object? obj)
        => obj is NpgsqlTsVector other && Equals(other);

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        var hash = new HashCode();

        foreach (var lexeme in _lexemes)
            hash.Add(lexeme);

        return hash.ToHashCode();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a lexeme. A lexeme consists of a text string and optional word entry positions.
    /// </summary>
    public struct Lexeme : IEquatable<Lexeme>
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the text.
        /// </summary>
        public string Text { get; set; }

        internal readonly List<WordEntryPos>? WordEntryPositions;

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a lexeme with no word entry positions.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="text"></param>
        public Lexeme(string text)
        {
            Text = text;
            WordEntryPositions = null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a lexeme with word entry positions.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="text"></param>
        /// <param name="wordEntryPositions"></param>
        public Lexeme(string text, List<WordEntryPos>? wordEntryPositions)
            : this(text, wordEntryPositions, false) {}

        internal Lexeme(string text, List<WordEntryPos>? wordEntryPositions, bool noCopy)
        {
            Text = text;
            if (wordEntryPositions != null)
                WordEntryPositions = noCopy ? wordEntryPositions : new List<WordEntryPos>(wordEntryPositions);
            else
                WordEntryPositions = null;
        }

        internal static List<WordEntryPos>? UniquePos(List<WordEntryPos>? list)
        {
            if (list == null)
                return null;
            var needsProcessing = false;
            for (var i = 1; i < list.Count; i++)
            {
                if (list[i - 1].Pos >= list[i].Pos)
                {
                    needsProcessing = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!needsProcessing)
                return list;

            // Don't change the original list, as the user might inspect it later if he holds a reference to the lexeme's list
            list = new List<WordEntryPos>(list);

            list.Sort((x, y) => x.Pos.CompareTo(y.Pos));

            var a = 0;
            for (var b = 1; b < list.Count; b++)
            {
                if (list[a].Pos != list[b].Pos)
                {
                    a++;
                    if (a != b)
                        list[a] = list[b];
                }
                else if (list[b].Weight > list[a].Weight)
                    list[a] = list[b];
            }
            if (a != list.Count - 1)
            {
                list.RemoveRange(a, list.Count - 1 - a);
            }
            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a word entry position.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="index"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public WordEntryPos this[int index]
        {
            get
            {
                if (index < 0 || WordEntryPositions == null || index >= WordEntryPositions.Count)
                    throw new ArgumentException(nameof(index));

                return WordEntryPositions[index];
            }
            internal set
            {
                if (index < 0 || WordEntryPositions == null || index >= WordEntryPositions.Count)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));

                WordEntryPositions[index] = value;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the number of word entry positions.
        /// </summary>
        public int Count => WordEntryPositions?.Count ?? 0;

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a string representation in PostgreSQL's format.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            var str = '\'' + (Text ?? "").Replace(@"\", @"\\").Replace("'", "''") + '\'';
            if (Count > 0)
                str += ":" + string.Join(",", WordEntryPositions!);
            return str;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Represents a word entry position and an optional weight.
        /// </summary>
        public struct WordEntryPos : IEquatable<WordEntryPos>
        {
            internal short Value { get; }

            internal WordEntryPos(short value)
            {
                Value = value;
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Creates a WordEntryPos with a given position and weight.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="pos">Position values can range from 1 to 16383; larger numbers are silently set to 16383.</param>
            /// <param name="weight">A weight labeled between A and D.</param>
            public WordEntryPos(int pos, Weight weight = Weight.D)
            {
                if (pos == 0)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(pos), "Lexeme position is out of range. Min value is 1, max value is 2^14-1. Value was: " + pos);
                if (weight < Weight.D || weight > Weight.A)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(weight));

                // Per documentation: "Position values can range from 1 to 16383; larger numbers are silently set to 16383."
                if (pos >> 14 != 0)
                    pos = (1 << 14) - 1;

                Value = (short)(((int)weight << 14) | pos);
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// The weight is labeled from A to D. D is the default, and not printed.
            /// </summary>
            public Weight Weight => (Weight)((Value >> 14) & 3);

            /// <summary>
            /// The position is a 14-bit unsigned integer indicating the position in the text this lexeme occurs. Cannot be 0.
            /// </summary>
            public int Pos => Value & ((1 << 14) - 1);

            /// <summary>
            /// Prints this lexeme in PostgreSQL's format, i.e. position is followed by weight (weight is only printed if A, B or C).
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public override string ToString()
            {
                if (Weight != Weight.D)
                    return Pos + Weight.ToString();
                return Pos.ToString();
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
            /// </summary>
            public bool Equals(WordEntryPos o) => Value == o.Value;

            /// <summary>
            /// Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
            /// </summary>
            public override bool Equals(object? o) => o is WordEntryPos pos && Equals(pos);

            /// <summary>
            /// Gets a hash code for the current object.
            /// </summary>
            public override int GetHashCode() => Value.GetHashCode();

            /// <summary>
            /// Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
            /// </summary>
            public static bool operator ==(WordEntryPos left, WordEntryPos right) => left.Equals(right);

            /// <summary>
            /// Determines whether the specified object is unequal to the current object.
            /// </summary>
            public static bool operator !=(WordEntryPos left, WordEntryPos right) => !left.Equals(right);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The weight is labeled from A to D. D is the default, and not printed.
        /// </summary>
        public enum Weight
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// D, the default
            /// </summary>
            D = 0,

            /// <summary>
            /// C
            /// </summary>
            C = 1,

            /// <summary>
            /// B
            /// </summary>
            B = 2,

            /// <summary>
            /// A
            /// </summary>
            A = 3
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
        /// </summary>
        public bool Equals(Lexeme o)
        {
            if (Text != o.Text)
                return false;

            if (WordEntryPositions is null)
                return o.WordEntryPositions is null;

            if (o.WordEntryPositions is null || WordEntryPositions.Count != o.WordEntryPositions.Count)
                return false;

            for (var i = 0; i < WordEntryPositions.Count; i++)
                if (!WordEntryPositions[i].Equals(o.WordEntryPositions[i]))
                    return false;

            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
        /// </summary>
        public override bool Equals(object? o) => o is Lexeme lexeme && Equals(lexeme);

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a hash code for the current object.
        /// </summary>
        public override int GetHashCode() => Text.GetHashCode();

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
        /// </summary>
        public static bool operator ==(Lexeme left, Lexeme right) => left.Equals(right);

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines whether the specified object is unequal to the current object.
        /// </summary>
        public static bool operator !=(Lexeme left, Lexeme right) => !left.Equals(right);
    }
}
